Pengaruh Sedimentasi terhadap Kerusakan Lingkungan Berdasarkan Analisis Citra Sentinel di Perairan Kabupaten Demak Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Delta Wulan merupakan daerah strategis di wilayah pesisir utara Pulau Jawa yang banyak dimanfaatkan untuk aktivitas manusia seperti pertambakan, pemukiman penduduk, tanaman mangrove, dan jalur transportasi kapal nelayan. Hal tersebut berdampak pada besarnya kandungan material padatan tersuspensi yang terdapat pada sungai. Pengamatan sebaran material padatan tersuspensi dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui pola sedimentasi untuk mencegah pendangkalan dan banjir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran material padatan tersuspensi di Delta Wulan menggunakan metode pengindraan jauh. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah citra satelit Sentinel-2A, konsentrasi material padatan tersuspensi hasil uji gravimetri, pasang surut dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Admiralty dan arus pemodelan numerik menggunakan Mike 21 Flow Model FM. Pengolahan data menggunakan Metode Regresi (Linear, Eksponensial dan Logaritmik). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi material padatan tersuspensi di sekitar Delta Wulan relatif tinggi, konsentrasi tertinggi terdapat di arah barat muara sungai atau di daerah yang berupa delta. Model regresi terbaik, yaitu model regresi exponential antara nilai band merah dengan nilai konsentrasi data lapangan dengan nilai uji akurasi nilai RMSE sebesar 3,8895. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat, dapat disimpulkan jika algoritma Metode Regresi merupakan algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk pemetaan sebaran material padatan tersuspensi di Delta Wulan, Kabupaten Demak

Impact of urban block configuration and direction on urban temperature increase in hot, humid regions / Lin Yola and Ho Chin Siong

Urban temperature increase contributes significant effect to global warming. This phenomenon has been addressed as the real impact of rapid development which occurs in the urban area, which causes urban heat islands (UHIs). One of the influencing factors is building typology that forms urban block configuration. This study which was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aims to investigate the impact of varies of urban block configurations on the air temperature and the variables that affect it. The hypothetical model simulation was used to analyse the measures. It finds out that urban block creates the shades to the outdoor environment which blocks the surface from direct solar radiation. However, it also depends on the direction of urban block configuration towards the expose angle of solar radiation. As the conclusion, the right scenario of urban block configuration and the choice of its direction mitigate the urban temperature increase. This finding suggests planners and designers to perform the similar quantitative analysis in the earlier stage of planning

Solar Radiation and Urban Wind Effect on Urban Canyon in Hot, Humid Regions

Urban configuration modification is an efficient approach to mitigating Urban Heat Island effect. This study investigates the significant impact of solar radiation and urban wind on microclimate and thermal comfort in the different setting of urban canyon configuration. The Envi-met (V3.1 beta) simulation presents that East-West canyon direction received the worst level of air temperature and meant radiant temperature compared to when the canyon was directed perpendiculars to the wind direction (South East – North West). The finding scientifically demonstrates that in Kuala Lumpur context, with the slow urban wind speed influences, solar radiation plays the significant impact on the microclimate.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Solar radiation; urban wind; urban microclimate, urban simulation

Impact of urban configurations on microclimate and thermal comfort in residential area of Kuala Lumpur

The increase of vertical development causes the modification of urban microclimates and higher intensity of Urban Heat Island (UHI). Scholars emphasise that urban configuration is one of the major factors that influences this issue. Current studies on the relationship of urban configurations and urban climate mainly focus on the urban canyon. Furthermore, there is lack of focus on the impact of urban configurations on both microclimate and thermal comfort. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of urban configurations on the mitigation of UHI and the balance between microclimate and thermal comfort, called Climatically Responsive Urban Configuration (CRUC) in Kuala Lumpur. Four urban configurations, namely: Courtyard, U, Courtyard Canyon and Canyon were investigated using ENVI-met simulation. The urban configurations were simulated according to the value of Sky View Factor (SVF). Besides, these urban configurations were set according to two canyon directions; East West and North South in two empirical sites situated in Kuala Lumpur. The results showed that the urban configurations have impact on both microclimate and thermal comfort. This is an indication that the increase of SVF in urban configurations could mitigate the intensity of the UHI. Enclosed urban configurations such as the Courtyard and Courtyard Canyon complied with the concept of CRUC in the setting of East West canyon direction, whereas urban configurations with canyon features for Canyon and Courtyard Canyon are recommended in the setting of North South canyon direction. The finding emphasised that in Kuala Lumpur climatic context, the high intensity of the solar radiation is the main influential factor in UHI mitigation and forming the CRUC. It is recommended that urban planners avoid East-West canyon direction in strategising the impact of urban configurations on microclimate and thermal comfort

ANOMALY OF LOW SPREAD OF COVID-19 IN SLUM SETTLEMENTS OF DEPOK VILLAGE

Two residents of Depok City, West Java, were confirmed as the first Covid-19 patients in Indonesia on March 2, 2020. This global pandemic has wreaked havoc on many facets of human life, especially slum environment in Depok City. Slum settlements are associated with dense populations, small streets, and disorganized housing structures, and all of which contribute to the high spread of Covid-19. In Depok Village, which is classified as a slum settlement, the number of Covid-19 case is lower than in Mekarsari Village, which is neither slum nor tend to be luxury. This study uses qualitative methods and research sources are from field observations and comparisons with previous studies which are contradictory. The theory used as a guide for this writing is Ekistics, Doxiadis. According to the findings of this study, the low number of COVID-19 cases in slum settlements can be reduced, one of the factors is the impact of improved environmental infrastructure. The Covid-19 Alert Village performance, the social community and public health also play critical roles in assisting people in their efforts to avoid the spread of Covid-19. The active participation of all members of society is the most important factor in preventing Covid-19 spread and transmission. The findings of this case study are not intended to generalize the phenomena that occur in the community, but this is an effort to evaluate and introspect on programs and policies that will be, are being, and have been performed by the local government in collaboration with the community

Strategi Integrasi Layanan Transportasi di Stasiun Kereta Api Bekasi Pasca Pandemic Covid-19

Perpindahan antar moda transportasi menjadi salah satu kendala penggunaan transportasi umum. Layanan transportasi saat ini dihadapkan pada risiko kesehatan dalam menggunakan kembali layanan angkutan umum. Angkutan umum harus bisa meningkatkan layanan, kenyamanan, dan kemudahan agar tetap dapat bersaing dengan kendaraan pribadi pasca pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui harapan masyarakat pada pelayanan integrasi transportasi pasca pandemi menurut pengguna KRL di Stasiun Bekasi. Artikel ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode analisis terdiri dari statistika deskriptif, tingkat kesesuaian, kualitas pelayanan (servqual), serta importance performance analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya ketidakpuasan pengguna jasa transportasi pada kualitas pelayanan integrasi transportasi. Strategi layanan transportasi pasca pandemi dapat ditata ulang secara bertahap dengan merujuk pada indikator variabel penelitian ini. Rekomendasi yang diusulkan yaitu perlu adanya peraturan dan kebijakan pengendalian peningkatan jumlah kendaraan pribadi, pengembangan dan pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi yang selaras dan terintegrasi, promosi dan sosialiasi terkait dengan kemudahan penggunaan moda transportasi umum

THE CORRELATION OF SOCIOECONOMIC AND MOBILITY FACTORS ON COVID-19 MORBIDITY IN SEMARANG CITY

Semarang City as the capital of Central Java Province contributes a fairly high number of cases of the COVID-19 virus. This study used a sample of the number of COVID-19 case data in 16 sub-districts in Semarang City. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a period of 3 months, namely from October until December 2020. The research aims to find out the impact of social economy and community mobility on the growth of COVID-19 in Semarang City. There is a linkage of spatial factors between sub-districts in the growth of COVID-19 numbers. Spatial influence can show the relationship of influence between sub-districts with each other. In addition, appropriate quantitative approaches are used to obtain a complete view of the expected results through mapping with Geoda software through regression testing analyzed through spatial econometric methods. The process of data collection is carried out by a literature review. This study showed that the model correlated with a high R2 value of 0.7780. All variables show significant numbers in the model. Through policies at the Semarang City level through coordination between sub-districts to achieve prevention goals in the growth rate of COVID-19 numbers of each sub-district. The findings from this study will inform that the effort to a policy of handling COVID-19 must also be carried out continuously and the regulation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) in Semarang city is needed

The mosaic of AII amacrine cell bodies in rat retina is indistinguishable from a random distribution

The vertebrate retina contains a large number of different types of neurons that can be distinguished by their morphological properties. Assuming that no location should be without a contribution from the circuitry and function linked to a specific type of neuron, it is expected that the dendritic trees of neurons belonging to a type will cover the retina in a regular manner. Thus, for most types of neurons, the contribution to visual processing is thought to be independent of the exact location of individual neurons across the retina. Here, we have investigated the distribution of AII amacrine cells in rat retina. The AII is a multifunctional amacrine cell found in mammals and involved in synaptic microcircuits that contribute to visual processing under both scotopic and photopic conditions. Previous investigations have suggested that AIIs are regularly distributed, with a nearest-neighbor distance regularity index of ~4. It has been argued, however, that this presumed regularity results from treating somas as points, without taking into account their actual spatial extent which constrains the location of other cells of the same type. When we simulated random distributions of cell bodies with size and density similar to real AIIs, we confirmed that the simulated distributions could not be distinguished from the distributions observed experimentally for AIIs in different regions and eccentricities of the retina. The developmental mechanisms that generate the observed distributions of AIIs remain to be investigated.publishedVersio

Identification of heavy metal ions from aqueous environment through gold, Silver and Copper Nanoparticles: An excellent colorimetric approach

Heavy metal pollution has become a severe threat to human health and the environment for many years. Their extensive release can severely damage the environment and promote the generation of many harmful diseases of public health concerns. These toxic heavy metals can cause many health problems such as brain damage, kidney failure, immune system disorder, muscle weakness, paralysis of the limbs, cardio complaint, nervous system. For many years, researchers focus on developing specific reliable analytical methods for the determination of heavy metal ions and preventing their acute toxicity to a significant extent. The modern researchers intended to utilize efficient and discerning materials, e.g. nanomaterials, especially the metal nanoparticles to detect heavy metal ions from different real sources rapidly. The metal nanoparticles have been broadly utilized as a sensing material for the colorimetric detection of toxic metal ions. The metal nanoparticles such as Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), and Copper (Cu) exhibited localized plasmon surface resonance (LPSR) properties which adds an outstanding contribution to the colorimetric sensing field. Though, the stability of metal nanoparticles was major issue to be exploited colorimetric sensing of heavy emtal ions, but from last decade different capping and stabilizing agents such as amino acids, vitmains, acids and ploymers were used to functionalize the metal surface of metal nanoparticles. These capping agents prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles and make them more active for prolong period of time. This review covers a comprehensive work carried out for colorimetric detection of heavy metals based on metal nanoparticles from the year 2014 to onwards. © 202

Facile synthesis of B/g-C3N4 composite materials for the continuous-flow selective photo-production of acetone

In this work versatile boron–carbon nitride composite materials were synthesized and utilized in a sustainable process using sunlight as the energy source for the continuous-flow selective photocatalytic production of acetone from 2-propanol. It is worth highlighting that the sample preparation was carried out by an environmentally friendly strategy, without a solvent or additional reagents. Samples containing boron in 1–10 wt% were subjected to physico-chemical characterization using XRD, porosimetry, UVvisible spectroscopy, TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and XPS. The reaction output was analyzed on the basis of the reaction rate, selectivity and quantum efficiency of the process. A correlation analysis between catalytic properties with two observables, the boron phase distribution in the materials and charge handling efficiency (measured using photoluminescence), rationalizes photoactivity. Such an analysis indicates that the presence of an amorphous boron metallic phase and its contact with the carbon nitride component are key to setting up a renewable and easily scalable chemical process to obtain acetone.MINECO (Spain) ENE2016-77798-C4-1-RConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)Secretaria de Ciencia Tecnologia e Innovacion of CDMX (SECTEI, Mexico)MINECO CTQ2016-78289-PEuropean Union (EU)RUDN University Program 5-10